by Siegfried Othmer, Ph.D. – Chief Scientist, The EEG Institute
October 2003 (Edited July 2007)
In the following, references cover not only applications of neurofeedback but also mechanisms of brain self-regulation that underlie EEG Feedback (neurofeedback).Application areas include in particular Attention Deficit Disorder, the Anxiety-Depression spectrum, seizures and addictions. We feature the key papers in the important application areas, as well as early papers that highlight emerging applications: the disruptive behavior disorders such as Oppositional-Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder; the Autism Spectrum and Asperger’s; Bipolar Disorder; Specific Learning Disabilities, including Dyslexia; sleep disorders; Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; women’s issues such as PMS and menopause; issues of aging such as Parkinsonism and dementia, and Age-Related Cognitive Decline; and, finally, pain syndromes such as migraine, as well as the management of chronic pain.
Neuromodulation Technologies: An Attempt at Classification
by Siegfried Othmer, Ph.D. – Chief Scientist, The EEG Institute
This chapter addresses the question of how to classify the neuromodulation effects resulting from widely differing neurofeedback approaches developed over the last four decades. We have seen a proliferation of targets and objectives to which attention is directed in the training. With regard to clinical outcomes, however, one encounters a broad zone of commonality. Why is it that the premises and technological approaches within the neurofeedback network of scholars and clinicians are so disparate, yet they largely achieve common clinical goals? This in-depth analysis may lead us closer to the “essence” of neurofeedback and provide focus for further development efforts.
Focused Research on Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback
Infra-Low Neurofeedbac.
by Siegfried Othmer, Ph.D., and Susan F. Othmer
An individually optimized dynamic EEG reinforcement protocol has been recently extended to the domain of very low EEG frequencies, down to 0.01 Hz in center frequency of the reinforcement band. This represents a straight-forward extension to very low frequencies of a fairly generic training strategy that has been in productive use for many years. Improved clinical outcomes have been observed for a variety of hitherto intractable conditions, including the autistic spectrum, attachment disorder, eating disorders, and migraine conditions that have been refractory to prior neurofeedback.